CBN restricts financial institutions’ dominance in card issuing, merchant acquiring market

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has introduced new regulations aimed at limiting market concentration in the country’s payments ecosystem, placing caps on the share financial institutions can hold in both card issuing and merchant acquiring services.
Card issuing involves the provision of payment cards to customers, while merchant acquiring refers to the processing of card payments on behalf of businesses.
In a circular signed by Rakiya Yusuf, Director of the Payments System Supervision Department, the apex bank said the new framework is designed to address concerns around market dominance, systemic risk, operational dependence, and the localisation of payment transaction data.
The CBN noted that the rapid expansion of digital financial services has led to increased dominance by some operators, raising concerns about competition, resilience, and stability within the sector.
According to the bank, the measures are intended to promote transparency through beneficial ownership disclosure, reduce concentration risk, and strengthen the overall integrity of Nigeria’s payments system.
Under the new rules, any financial institution holding more than 25 per cent market share in card issuing will be restricted in its participation in merchant acquiring services.
Similarly, institutions controlling more than 25 per cent in merchant acquiring will be limited in their card issuing activities, with both sides capped at 15 per cent in the opposite segment over a rolling twelve-month period.
The CBN also said the reforms are part of broader ongoing regulatory changes in the financial sector, including proposed revisions to the licensing and regulation of financial holding companies, which may require HoldCos to hold shares in subsidiaries with ownership capped at 51 per cent.
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